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Geography

Satellite photo over Istanbul and the BosphorusIstanbul is located in the north-west Marmara Region of Turkey. It encloses the southern Bosphorus which places the city on two continents – the western portion of Istanbul is in Europe, while the eastern portion is in Asia. The city boundaries cover a surface area of 1,539 square kilometers, while the metropolitan region, or the Province of Istanbul, covers 6,220 square kilometers

Geology

Panoramic view of the Bosporus from the hills of the Ulus neighbourhoodIstanbul is situated near the North Anatolian fault line, which runs from northern Anatolia to the Marmara Sea. Two tectonic plates, the African and the Eurasian, push against each other here. This fault line has been responsible for several deadly earthquakes in the region throughout history. In 1509, a catastrophic earthquake caused a tsunami which broke over the sea-walls of the city, destroying over 100 mosques and killing 10,000 people. In 1766, the Eyüp Sultan Mosque was largely destroyed. The 1894 earthquake caused the collapse of many parts of the Grand Bazaar. A devastating earthquake in August 1999, with its epicenter in nearby Kocaeli, left 18,000 dead and many more homeless.[18][19] In all of these earthquakes, the devastating effects are a result of the close settlement and poor construction of buildings. Seismologists predict another earthquake, possibly measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale, occurring before 2025.[20]

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District	Convention centre	Stadium of Arena
Asian side-kadikoi	Lufti Kidar	Ali Sami Yen Stadium
Besiktas	CNR Expo center	Sukru Saracoglu Stadium
Old city sultanahmed	Airport	BJK İnönü Stadium
Taskim square	Ataturk  12.9 km.	Monument
Şişli	Sabina Gokcen 31.8km	Galata Tower
Landmark	City	Shopping centre
Saint Sophia	Bursa	Istiklal Street

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Country Turkey
Province Istanbul 
Districts 25 
Founded 667 BC as Byzantium 
Roman rule AD 330 Constantinople 
Ottoman rule 1453 as Istanbul 
Area 
- City 1,538.77 km² (594.1 sq mi) 
Elevation 100 m (328 ft) 
Population 
- City 11,008,790 
- Density 6,521/km² (16,889.3/sq mi) 
Postal code 34010 to 34850 and
80000 to 81800 
Area code(s) (+90) 212 (European side)
(+90) 216 (Asian side) 
Licence plate 34 

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